Full Answer Section
- Protein: A molecule made up of amino acids that performs various functions in the body.
- Metabolism: The chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life.
- Homeostasis: The maintenance of a stable internal environment.
- Evolution: The process of change in the genetic makeup of a population over time.
1.2 Artificial Selection vs. Genetic Modification
- Artificial Selection: A process by which humans select specific traits in organisms and breed them to produce offspring with those desired traits. It's a slower process that relies on natural reproduction.
- Genetic Modification: A technology that involves directly altering an organism's genetic material to introduce specific traits. It's a faster and more precise process that can introduce traits from different species.
4. Mendel's Approach to Studying Genetics
Gregor Mendel, often called the "father of genetics," studied pea plants to understand the principles of inheritance. His approach involved:
- Choosing Traits: He selected traits with distinct forms, such as flower color (purple or white) and seed shape (round or wrinkled).
- Cross-Pollination: He controlled the breeding of plants by manually transferring pollen between different plants.
- Observation and Analysis: He carefully observed the traits of the offspring and analyzed the patterns of inheritance.
4.1 Single Gene Traits vs. Qualitative or Quantitative Traits
- Single Gene Traits: Traits controlled by a single gene, often resulting in distinct phenotypes (e.g., Mendel's pea plant traits).
- Qualitative Traits: Traits that can be categorized into distinct groups (e.g., blood type, eye color).
- Quantitative Traits: Traits that vary continuously, influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors (e.g., height, weight).