CHI-SQUARE ANALYSIS

    Learn how to conduct and interpret a chi-square analysis. You will use the IBM SPSS Crosstabs procedure with the .sav file provided. The two variables to be analyzed will be pass/fail and lowup (lower class versus upper class students). Instructions Complete the following: • Step 1. Provide a context for the data set in the supplied .sav file. Include a definition of the specified variables, levels of each factor, and the outcome variable. Define the corresponding scales of measurement for each variable. Specify the sample size of the data set. • Step 2. Specify a research question for this chi-square. Articulate a null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis for the chi-square. Specify the alpha level. • Step 3. o Paste the SPSS output showing expected frequencies (E). Report E for each cell in the 2 x 2 table. o Determine if the expected frequencies assumption is met. o If the assumption is met, indicate which version of chi-square should be reported. o If the assumption is not met, indicate which version of chi-square should be reported. • Step 4. o Begin by stating your conclusion regarding the expected frequencies assumption. o Next, create a table of observed frequencies for the two variables low up and pass/fail. o Report the observed number of passengers in lower class and the upper class who were passed and failed. o Next, paste the SPSS output for Symmetric Measures. o Report the phi coefficient and interpret the effect size. o Then paste the SPSS output for chi-square Tests. o Report the version of chi-square that is appropriate given the E assumption. Include the symbol for chi-square, the degree of freedom, the chi-square value, the p-value, and your decision regarding the null hypothesis. o Next, calculate and report the odds of passing for the upper class group and odds of passing for the lower class group. o Finally, calculate the odds ratio of passing comparing the upper class group to the lower class group. • Step 5. Discuss your conclusions of the chi-square as it relates to your stated research question. Conclude with an analysis of the strengths and limitations of chi-square analysis.