Diagnosis and Management of Anemia Based on CBC Findings: Identifying Type and Treatment Approach"

Sample Answer

This patient's CBC findings are suggestive of iron-deficiency anemia, which is the most likely diagnosis.

Here's why:

• Low RBC, Hgb, and Hct: These are the key indicators of anemia, meaning the patient has a lower than normal number of red blood cells and reduced hemoglobin, leading to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity.
• Low MCV: This indicates microcytic anemia, meaning the red blood cells are smaller than usual. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of microcytic anemia.
• High RDW: The red cell distribution width is high, indicating a greater variation in the size of red blood cells. This is often seen in iron deficiency as the bone marrow struggles to produce enough normal-sized red blood cells.

Full Answer Section

While iron deficiency is the most likely diagnosis, other possibilities like thalassemia (also a microcytic anemia) should be considered.

To confirm the diagnosis and determine the underlying cause, the following tests should be ordered:

• Serum iron levels: Measures the amount of iron in the blood.
• Ferritin levels: Reflects the body's iron stores.
• Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC): Measures the blood's capacity to bind iron.
• Transferrin saturation: The percentage of transferrin that is bound to iron.
• Blood smear examination: A microscopic examination of the blood cells to look for abnormalities in their size, shape, and color.

The treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the anemia:

• If iron-deficiency anemia is confirmed: Iron supplementation, either orally or intravenously, is the primary treatment. The underlying cause of the iron deficiency, such as poor dietary intake, blood loss, or malabsorption, should also be addressed.
• If the anemia is severe: Blood transfusions may be necessary to quickly increase the number of red blood cells and improve oxygen delivery to the tissues.