Diagnosis and Management of Anemia Based on CBC Findings: Identifying Type and Treatment Approach"

Full Answer Section

While iron deficiency is the most likely diagnosis, other possibilities like thalassemia (also a microcytic anemia) should be considered.

To confirm the diagnosis and determine the underlying cause, the following tests should be ordered:

• Serum iron levels: Measures the amount of iron in the blood.
• Ferritin levels: Reflects the body's iron stores.
• Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC): Measures the blood's capacity to bind iron.
• Transferrin saturation: The percentage of transferrin that is bound to iron.
• Blood smear examination: A microscopic examination of the blood cells to look for abnormalities in their size, shape, and color.

The treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the anemia:

• If iron-deficiency anemia is confirmed: Iron supplementation, either orally or intravenously, is the primary treatment. The underlying cause of the iron deficiency, such as poor dietary intake, blood loss, or malabsorption, should also be addressed.
• If the anemia is severe: Blood transfusions may be necessary to quickly increase the number of red blood cells and improve oxygen delivery to the tissues.

Sample Answer

This patient's CBC findings are suggestive of iron-deficiency anemia, which is the most likely diagnosis.

Here's why:

• Low RBC, Hgb, and Hct: These are the key indicators of anemia, meaning the patient has a lower than normal number of red blood cells and reduced hemoglobin, leading to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity.
• Low MCV: This indicates microcytic anemia, meaning the red blood cells are smaller than usual. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of microcytic anemia.
• High RDW: The red cell distribution width is high, indicating a greater variation in the size of red blood cells. This is often seen in iron deficiency as the bone marrow struggles to produce enough normal-sized red blood cells.