Submit a 2paper that addresses the following:
Explain how a diagnostic summary differs from a biopsychosocial assessment.
What is the relationship between WHO, ICD, and the DSM 5-TR?
Define culture, race, and ethnicity.
Explain why it is important to consider culture when diagnosing.
What is the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI)? How can it be used when interviewing clients?
Explain why it is important to consider cultural concepts of distress.
You may draw upon professional or field experience for this response.
REFERENCES:
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5-TR) (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787
Sommers-Flanagan, J., & Sommers-Flanagan, R. (2015a). Intake interviewing and report writingLinks to an external site.. In Clinical interviewing (5th ed., pp. 243–286). Wiley.
Sommers-Flanagan, J., & Sommers-Flanagan, R. (2015b). The mental status examinationLinks to an external site.. In Clinical interviewing (5th ed., pp. 287–328). Wiley.
World Health Organization. (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problemsLinks to an external site. (11th ed.). https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/classification-of-diseases
First, M. B., Gaebel, W., Maj, M., Stein, D. J., Kogan, C. S., Saunders, J. B., Poznyak, V. B., Gureje, O., Lewis-Fernandez, R., Maercker, A., Brewin, C. R., Cloitre, M., Claudino, A., Pike, K. M., Baird, G., Skuse, D., Krueger, R. B., Briken, P., Burke, J. D., . . . Reed, G. M. (2021). An organization‐ and category‐level comparison of diagnostic requirements for mental disorders in ICD-11 and DSM-5Links to an external site.. World Psychiatry, 20(1), 34–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20825
Document: ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR Differences Download ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR Differences(PDF)
Coleman Health Services. (2022). Evaluation and diagnostic assessmentLinks to an external site.. https://www.colemanservices.org/services/evaluation-diagnostic-assessment/
Note: Read pages 290–326 in this chapter. You do not need to read the entire chapter.
Note: Read pages 273–281 in this chapter. You do not need to read the entire chapter.
Section I, “DSM-5 Basics” (pp. 5–29)
Section III, “Culture and Psychiatric Diagnosis” (pp. 859–879)
Diagnostic Summary vs. Biopsychosocial Assessment in Mental Health Practice
Diagnostic Summary vs. Biopsychosocial Assessment
A diagnostic summary and a biopsychosocial assessment are both essential components of mental health evaluation, yet they serve distinct purposes. A diagnostic summary typically focuses on identifying and categorizing mental health disorders based on established diagnostic criteria, such as those outlined in the DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition - Text Revision). It involves synthesizing information gathered through interviews, observations, and assessments to arrive at a formal diagnosis.
On the other hand, a biopsychosocial assessment takes a more holistic approach by considering biological, psychological, and social factors that influence an individual's mental health and well-being. This assessment delves into the individual's medical history, psychological functioning, social support systems, cultural background, and environmental stressors to provide a comprehensive understanding of the person in their context.
Relationship between WHO, ICD, and DSM-5-TR
The World Health Organization (WHO) is responsible for developing the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which is a global standard for classifying diseases and health conditions. The ICD provides a comprehensive framework for diagnosing and classifying various medical and mental health disorders. The DSM-5-TR, published by the American Psychiatric Association, complements the ICD by offering more detailed criteria and guidelines specifically for mental health disorders.
While the ICD provides a broader classification system that includes all health conditions, the DSM-5-TR focuses specifically on mental disorders and offers detailed diagnostic criteria, descriptions, and codes for these conditions. The two systems are interconnected, with the DSM-5-TR aligning its diagnostic criteria with the broader categories established in the ICD to ensure consistency and compatibility in diagnosing mental health disorders on a global scale.
Culture, Race, Ethnicity, and Their Importance in Diagnosis
Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, traditions, and practices of a particular group of people. Race is a social construct based on physical characteristics, while ethnicity encompasses shared cultural traits and heritage. Considering culture is crucial in diagnosis as it influences how individuals perceive and express distress, their help-seeking behaviors, and their attitudes toward mental health treatments.
The Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) is a structured tool designed to assess how cultural factors impact an individual's experience of mental illness. It helps clinicians understand the cultural context of a client's symptoms, beliefs, and behaviors to provide culturally sensitive care. Using the CFI during interviews allows clinicians to gain insights into how culture shapes a client's understanding of their mental health concerns and helps tailor interventions to align with their cultural beliefs and practices.
Importance of Considering Cultural Concepts of Distress
Cultural concepts of distress refer to how different cultures understand and articulate psychological suffering. Recognizing and addressing these cultural concepts are essential in diagnosis to avoid misinterpretations of symptoms or misdiagnoses based on Western-centric perspectives. By acknowledging cultural variations in expressions of distress, clinicians can ensure accurate assessment and treatment planning that align with the client's cultural background and preferences.
In conclusion, integrating cultural considerations into mental health assessments is paramount for providing effective and culturally competent care. Understanding the nuances of culture, race, ethnicity, and cultural concepts of distress enhances diagnostic accuracy, treatment outcomes, and overall client well-being in diverse populations.
References:
- American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5-TR).
- World Health Organization. (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.).
- First, M. B., et al. (2021). An organization‐ and category‐level comparison of diagnostic requirements for mental disorders in ICD-11 and DSM-5.
- Coleman Health Services. (2022). Evaluation and diagnostic assessment.