Difference between a research method and a research design

Full Answer Section

Research Method refers to the specific tools and techniques used to collect and analyze data within a research design. These methods can be quantitative or qualitative, and they are chosen based on the research question and the nature of the data being collected.  

Quantitative Research Designs

1. Experimental Design: This design involves manipulating an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable. It is often used to test causal relationships.  
2. Quasi-Experimental Design:
   Similar to experimental design but lacks random assignment to groups. It is used when random assignment is not feasible or ethical.  
3. Correlational Design: This design examines the relationship between two or more variables. It helps to identify patterns and trends but does not establish causation.  

Qualitative Research Designs

1. Case Study Design: This design involves an in-depth investigation of a specific case or phenomenon. It allows for a rich and detailed understanding of the subject matter.  
2. Ethnographic Design: This design involves immersing oneself in a particular culture or social group to understand their behaviors, beliefs, and values.  
3. Phenomenological Design: This design focuses on understanding the lived experiences of individuals. It aims to explore subjective experiences and perceptions.  

In conclusion, research design provides the overall framework for a study, while research methods are the specific tools used to collect and analyze data. The choice of research design and method depends on the research question, the nature of the data, and the desired level of rigor and generalizability.

Sample Answer

A common misconception is that research method and research design are interchangeable terms. However, they represent distinct concepts within the research process.

Research Design

refers to the overall plan or strategy for conducting a study. It outlines the approach to be used to answer the research question, including the selection of research methods, data collection techniques, and data analysis procedures. The design ensures that the research is structured, systematic, and valid.