Differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods

Full Answer Section

• Approach: Exploratory, inductive (themes and theories emerge from the data), and often flexible, allowing the research design to evolve as new insights appear.
• Sample Size: Typically small, non-random, and purposive (participants are selected for their specific experiences, knowledge, or insights relevant to the research question).
• Methods: In-depth interviews, focus groups, observations (ethnography), case studies, content analysis of texts or media, open-ended survey questions.
• Analysis: Involves identifying themes, patterns, categories, and meanings within the textual or visual data. This is often an interpretive and iterative process.

• Method: Researchers would conduct semi-structured, one-on-one interviews with 20-30 first-year university students from various backgrounds. They might also conduct focus groups to observe interactions and shared experiences.
• Data: The data would consist of detailed interview transcripts and focus group recordings. Students would describe their feelings of anxiety, coping mechanisms for academic workload, challenges in making new friends, and insights into the university's support systems.
• Analysis: The researchers would analyze the transcripts to identify recurring themes, such as "overwhelming workload," "loneliness and homesickness," "pressure to perform," "finding support networks," and "adjusting to independence." The findings would be presented using descriptive narratives and direct quotes from the students, offering a rich, nuanced picture of their transition experience.

Quantitative Research Methods

• Purpose: To quantify a problem by generating numerical data or data that can be converted into usable statistics. It aims to measure variables, test hypotheses, identify patterns, relationships, and generalize findings to a larger population. It answers questions like "How many?" "How much?" "To what extent?" or "What is the relationship between X and Y?"
• Data Type: Numerical, measurable data. This includes counts, frequencies, percentages, scores, ratings, and other statistical figures. It's objective and aims for precision.
• Approach: Conclusive, deductive (tests pre-existing theories or hypotheses), and typically structured, with a predefined research design.

Sample Answer

Qualitative Research Methods

• Purpose: To gain a deep understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It explores a problem or situation in depth, providing rich insights into the context and complexity of human experiences. It answers questions like "Why?" or "How?"
• Data Type: Non-numerical, descriptive data. This includes words, narratives, observations, images, and interpretations. It's often subjective and focuses on meanings