Domains of nursing practice as outlined by Benner's Novice to Expert nursing theory

Full Answer Section

1. Responding: This involves taking appropriate action based on the interpretation of the situation.
2. Reflecting: This involves critically evaluating one's actions and learning from experiences.
3. Planning: This involves anticipating future needs and planning interventions to address them.
4. Doing: This involves skillfully executing nursing interventions.

2. Health Concept in King's Goal Attainment Theory vs. Watson's Theory of Human Caring

King's Goal Attainment Theory: In King's theory, health is defined as a dynamic state of well-being that is influenced by personal, interpersonal, and social factors. It is a process of growth and development, and it involves achieving personal goals.

Watson's Theory of Human Caring: Watson's theory views health as a unity of mind, body, and soul. It is a spiritual dimension of human experience that involves caring for oneself and others. Health is seen as a state of harmony and balance, and it is achieved through caring interactions.

3. Pender's Health Belief Model: 6 Concepts

Pender's Health Belief Model outlines factors that influence health behaviors. The six key concepts are:

1. Individual Perceptions:
   • Perceived susceptibility: Belief about the likelihood of experiencing a negative health outcome.
   • Perceived severity: Belief about the seriousness of a potential illness.
2. Modifying Factors:
   • Demographic variables (age, gender, race, ethnicity)
   • Sociopsychological variables (personality, social norms, peer pressure)
   • Structural variables (access to healthcare, knowledge, skills)
3. Perceived Benefits of Action: Belief in the effectiveness of a specific action to reduce risk.
4. Perceived Barriers to Action: Belief about the costs, challenges, or negative consequences of taking action.
5. Cues to Action: Strategies to activate readiness to change, such as media campaigns or health reminders.
6. Self-Efficacy: Belief in one's ability to successfully perform a specific action.

Sample Answer

1. Benner's Novice to Expert Nursing Theory: 7 Domains of Nursing Practice

Benner's theory outlines a developmental model of clinical nursing expertise, moving from novice to expert. The seven domains of nursing practice are:

1. Attending: This involves being present and focused on the patient, actively listening, and observing their needs.
2. Noticing: This involves recognizing patterns and deviations from norms, and making clinical judgments based on these observations.
3. Interpreting: This involves understanding the significance of the noticed patterns and making sense of the situation.