The background of the case or controversy.
Plaintiff’s claim
In a criminal case, the Plaintiff is the State or the appropriate governmental entity. What legal wrong does the plaintiff claim that the defendant committed?
Defendant’s claim
How has the defendant answered? In the early stages of litigation, the defendant may not have answered the complaint.
Applicable law (i.e. statute, regulation, treaty)
Usually, the applicable law is mentioned in the article. If not, try to determine which law or laws apply.
Issue of law