Develop a health maintenance plan for a selected Disease, such as asthma, hepatitis, hypo and hyperthyroidism, and coronary artery disease, in a selected Population.
- Assess, develop, and recommend health maintenance plans for clients in all developmental stages of life within the primary care practice.
- Apply evidence-based guidelines to the identification and prevention of significant healthcare problems affecting populations at risk.
Full Answer Section
The overarching goal of asthma health maintenance is to achieve and sustain optimal asthma control, preventing exacerbations, minimizing symptom burden, maintaining normal activity levels, and reducing medication side effects. This requires a collaborative partnership with the child, their family, and the healthcare team, emphasizing education, trigger avoidance, and adherence to individualized asthma action plans.
Health Maintenance Plan by Developmental Stage
1. Infants and Toddlers (0-3 years)
- Assessment: Diagnosis in this age group is often presumptive, based on recurrent wheezing, cough, and shortness of breath, especially if triggered by viral infections or allergens, and a family history of atopy. Response to bronchodilators is a key indicator. Monitoring includes symptom frequency, severity, and sleep disturbances.
- Intervention:
- Medication Management: Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) are prescribed for quick relief of symptoms. For persistent symptoms (e.g., more than twice a week), low-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the preferred controller medication, administered via a valved holding chamber (spacer) with a face mask to ensure effective delivery. Caregiver education on correct technique is vital.
- Trigger Avoidance: A primary focus is educating caregivers on identifying and reducing exposure to common triggers such as tobacco smoke, dust mites, pet dander, mold, and strong irritants (e.g., cleaning products). This includes advice on improving home ventilation and pest control.
- Education: Intensive caregiver education is crucial for recognizing early warning signs of worsening asthma, understanding proper medication administration, and knowing when to seek emergency care. An individualized asthma action plan (in simple, visual terms) is developed with the family.
- Prevention: Promoting breastfeeding (where possible) for its immunological benefits. Strict avoidance of all tobacco smoke exposure in the home and car (primary prevention). Timely vaccination against common respiratory illnesses (e.g., influenza) is critical.