The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) launched a swift decisive attack on Sunday Dec. 7th, 1941. This attack took the U.S. Naval Intelligence and Pacific Fleet by complete surprise. In this study, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) is evaluated in terms of the denial and deception operations and methods that it employs from a strategic to a tactical level in the months leading up the attack on Pearl Harbor. Additionally, this study will explore in detail the unnoticed transformation of Japanese policy and posture, which shifted from defensive to offensive in nature. Moreover, this study will also assess operational and tactical aspects of denial and deception methods, such as Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) changed in security measures for communications and the use of “passive” camouflage. Lastly, this study will provide a detailed critique of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) strategy and coupled with the application of denial and deception principles contributed to the success of the attack on Pearl Harbor."
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