Importance of Self Esteem In Psychiology

Full Answer Section

• • University of Michigan Studies: Identified two leadership styles: employee-oriented (emphasizing relationships) and production-oriented (emphasizing task completion).  
   
• Contingency Theories: These theories argue that there is no one best leadership style; the most effective style depends on the specific situation. Examples include:
  • Fiedler's Contingency Model: Matches leadership style (task-oriented or relationship-oriented) to situational favorableness (leader-member relations, task structure, and leader position power).  
  • Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory: Matches leadership style (telling, selling, participating, delegating) to the followers' readiness level (ability and willingness to perform a task).  
   
• Transformational Leadership: This theory focuses on inspiring and motivating followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes and develop their own leadership capacity. Transformational leaders use charisma, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, and inspirational motivation.  
• Transactional Leadership: This theory focuses on the exchange of rewards and punishments to motivate followers. Transactional leaders establish clear expectations, monitor performance, and provide feedback.  
• Servant Leadership: This theory emphasizes serving the needs of followers and empowering them to grow and develop. Servant leaders prioritize listening, empathy, and building community.  
• Authentic Leadership: This theory emphasizes leading with integrity and genuineness. Authentic leaders are self-aware, transparent, and guided by their values.  

Common Leadership Behaviors:

• Communication: Effective leaders are skilled communicators, both verbally and nonverbally. They listen actively, communicate clearly, and provide regular feedback.  
• Decision-Making: Leaders make timely and effective decisions, often involving input from others.  
• Motivation: Leaders inspire and motivate followers to achieve goals.  
• Delegation: Leaders effectively delegate tasks and responsibilities to others.  
• Problem-Solving: Leaders identify and solve problems effectively.  
• Building Relationships: Leaders build strong relationships with followers based on trust and respect.  
• Emotional Intelligence: Leaders are aware of their own emotions and the emotions of others, and they use this awareness to manage their behavior and relationships effectively.  

Once you provide the resources, I can give you a much more specific and helpful analysis. I can help you identify:

• Which theories are emphasized.
• Specific leadership behaviors discussed.
• How the presented theories and behaviors relate to practical leadership situations.
• Strengths and weaknesses of the presented theories.

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Sample Answer

Common Leadership Theories:

• Trait Theories: These theories focus on identifying specific personality traits and characteristics that are associated with effective leadership. Examples include intelligence, integrity, self-confidence, and drive. While useful, these theories don't fully account for the impact of situational factors.  
• Behavioral Theories: These theories focus on what leaders do rather than what they are. They identify different leadership styles based on observable behaviors. Two prominent examples are:
  • Ohio State Studies: Identified two primary dimensions of leadership behavior: initiating structure (defining roles and tasks) and consideration (showing concern for followers' needs).