Kinds of resistance

Outline the various kinds of resistance or criticism we have seen the Romanov Dynasty face, from peasant uprisings to socialist activists. What was the nature of these various sources of criticism and on what grounds did people criticize the state? How did the state respond to each kind of resistance? Do you think we can view resistance to the Romanov autocracy as a measure of its relative success or failure over time? If we do, when do we see the dynasty at its most and least effective, and with what consequences in each case? How did resistance to the autocracy change over time—do you see any patterns from 1613 to 1917, or did resistance always vary too much to define it by particular stages or periods? How did resistance or criticism (and the state’s response to it) vary when it came from elites versus from lower-status or marginal people?