- Focus on the mechanisms governing tolerance to self: elimination of autoreactive clones during
lymphocyte development; induction of ‘anergy’; function of regulatory T cells (Tregs);
engagement of inhibitory molecules such as CTLA-4. Gene variants that abrogate or impair the
function of these regulatory processes should be at least mentioned. - Focus on genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease. This focus can be seen as a
variation/extension of point 1 and should focus on susceptibility genes that have been identified
in family studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including HLA and non-HLA
genes. - Focus on environmental factors which are thought to act as triggers of autoimmune attack in
susceptible people. These should include the role of viral infections (of which a focus of its own
could be ‘long Covid’ and autoimmunity); sex hormones; microbiome imbalance
IMM250H1 (Immunity and Infection) Syllabus – Winter 2022 - Focus on a particular disease, e.g., multiple sclerosis or type I diabetes. In this focus, your
paper should provide context by including an introduction where points 1-3 are summarized in
half to one page. - A ‘holistic approach’ where points 1-3 are all explored in some depth, as per word limits.
- Focus on the treatment of autoimmune disease. In this focus, your paper should provide context
by including an introduction where points 1-3 are summarized in half to one page. It can include:
A. conventional immunosuppressive therapy; B. monoclonal antibodies targeting specific selfantigens, blocking inflammatory cytokines, blocking immune cell trafficking, blocking costimulatory pathways; C. therapies to restore tolerance; D. more experimental therapies
including the creation of personalized Tregs.
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