In this exercise, you will complete a Mind Map Template to gauge your understanding of this week’s content. Select one of the possible topics provided to complete your MindMap Template.
• Ulcers
• After HP shots
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
• Pancreatitis
• Liver failure—acute and chronic
• Gall bladder disease
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Diverticulitis
• Jaundice
• Bilirubin
• Gastrointestinal bleed – upper and lower
• Hepatic encephalopathy
• Intra-abdominal infections (e.g., appendicitis)
- Describe the pathophysiology of the primary diagnosis in your own words. What are the patient’s risk factors for this diagnosis?
- What are the patient’s signs and symptoms for this diagnosis? How does the diagnosis impact other body systems and what are the possible complications?
- What are other potential diagnosis that present in a similar way to this diagnosis (differentials)?
- What diagnostic tests or labs would you order to rule out the differentials for this patient or confirm the primary diagnosis?
- What treatment options would you consider? Include possible referrals and medications.
Mind Map Template: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Pathophysiology:
GERD is a chronic condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the esophageal lining. Risk factors include obesity, smoking, hiatal hernia, pregnancy, certain medications, and a diet high in fatty or spicy foods.
Signs and Symptoms:
Common symptoms of GERD include heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and coughing. The impact on other body systems can lead to dental erosion, respiratory issues, and Barrett's esophagus. Possible complications include esophagitis, esophageal strictures, and even an increased risk of esophageal cancer.
Differential Diagnoses:
Other conditions that may present similarly to GERD include peptic ulcers, gastritis, esophageal motility disorders, and cardiac issues like angina or myocardial infarction.
Diagnostic Tests:
To rule out differentials and confirm GERD, diagnostic tests may include upper endoscopy, esophageal pH monitoring, barium swallow, and manometry to assess esophageal function.
Treatment Options:
Treatment for GERD may include lifestyle modifications (diet and weight management), medications such as proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers to reduce acid production, and possibly surgical interventions like fundoplication for severe cases. Referrals to a gastroenterologist for further evaluation and management may be necessary for refractory cases.