Naïve realists, antirealists, and critical realists

• Naïve realists believe that the world as we perceive it is the same as the world as it really is. They believe that our senses give us an accurate representation of reality.
• Antirealists believe that the world as we perceive it is not the same as the world as it really is. They believe that our senses are not reliable and that our understanding of reality is limited.
• Critical realists believe that there is a real world that exists independently of our perception of it, but that our understanding of this world is limited by our senses and our cognitive abilities.

According to Johnson, early modernism was characterized by a belief in the power of human reason to understand and control the world. Late modernism, on the other hand, is characterized by a more skeptical view of human reason and a greater appreciation for the limits of our knowledge. In Chapter 8 of Entwistle's text, he discusses the source material used in Theology and Psychology, including Francis Bacon's description of the two books. Bacon argued that there are two books that provide us with knowledge about the world: the book of nature and the book of Scripture. The book of nature is the natural world itself, which can be studied through the scientific method. The book of Scripture is the revealed word of God, which can be studied through theological inquiry. The three models that Entwistle discusses in Chapter 8 are the Enemies, Spies, and Allies models. The Enemies model sees the two books as being in conflict with each other. The Spies model sees the two books as being separate but complementary sources of knowledge. The Allies model sees the two books as being interconnected and mutually enriching. Here is a more detailed description of how each of these models views the two books:

• Enemies: The Enemies model sees the two books as being in conflict with each other. This model argues that the book of nature reveals a world that is different from the world that is described in the book of Scripture. This conflict can lead to confusion and doubt, and it can make it difficult to integrate the two disciplines of theology and psychology.
• Spies: The Spies model sees the two books as being separate but complementary sources of knowledge. This model argues that the book of nature reveals one aspect of reality, while the book of Scripture reveals another aspect of reality. By studying both books, we can gain a more complete understanding of the world.
• Allies: The Allies model sees the two books as being interconnected and mutually enriching. This model argues that the book of nature and the book of Scripture are both inspired by God, and that they both point to the same truth. By studying both books together, we can gain a deeper understanding of God's revelation.

Sample Solution

Naïve realists believe that the world as we perceive it is the same as the world as it really is. They believe that our senses give us an accurate representation of reality.