Relationship between cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes.

1. Suppose a researcher conducts an analysis of the relationship between cardiovascular
   disease and type II diabetes. The basic summary of the findings are presented in the
   following table.
   Pati
   ent
   BMI
   (kg/m2)
   Hypertensi
   on (Y/N)
   Diabet
   es
   Type
   II
   (Y/N)
   Smoking
   status
   (Never,
   Quit,
   Social,
   Current)
   Educat
   ion
   Status
   (<High
   , High,

High)
Alcoh
ol (>2
drinks
a day?
Y/N)
Religious
Background
(Catholic,
Jewish,
Muslim,
Other)
Ethnicity
(AA, W,
A, H,
Other)
A 27 N N Current High Y Other A
C 21 N N Quit High Y Other W
D 28 Y N Social >High N Muslim W
E 36 Y Y Current <High Y Jewish W
A) Describe the following in reference to their status as a variable, observation, or value:
column 3, row 5, column 3/row 2, column 9.
B) Are any of the variables included in the study ordinal? If so, identify the ordinal variables.

2. Suppose a researcher conducts an experiment to assess the measuring capabilities of a
   new device aimed at detecting the boiling point of a chemical. The chemical has a known
   boiling point of 120 degrees Fahrenheit. His measurement device is tested 10 times, and
   results in the following measurements for boiling point. What can we say about the
   device with regards to its precision, accuracy, and potential bias?
   Measurement Boiling Point (degrees Fahrenheit)
   1 129
   2 137
   3 136
   4 141
   5 139
   6 142
   7 136
   8 127
   9 143
   10 123
3. A surveyor wants to sample a city for the local Public Health Office in order to assess
   asthma rates annually. In order to get the best estimate for the project, the surveyor first
   decides to sample 2 of 15 census tracts, and then to sample 5 households from each tract.
   Assume there are only 10 households in each tract. The surveyor randomly assigns each
   tract in the city a number 01-15, and each household in each tract a number 01-10. Use
   the following random number table to select each tract, and then each household,
   continuing along the line.
   058791 211403 098746 170528 086401 370614 097810 036418 340514
   A) What kind of sampling strategy is this?
   B) Which census tracts and households will be selected?
4. Investigators are interested in the relationship between sleep apnea and Alzheimer’s
   disease. In order to more thoroughly understand the relationship, these investigators
   decide to recruit 50 participants with Alzheimer’s and 50 participants without
   Alzheimer’s, and look at their history of sleep apnea.
   A) What type of study design is this?
   B) What are the explanatory and response variables?
   5.
   The following measurements represent the systolic and diastolic blood pressures (mm
   HG) for a group of individuals awaiting confirmation for enrollment in a study
   investigating the efficacy of a new anti-hypertensive medication.
   SYSBP DIASBP
   118 73
   132 81
   147 87
   145 91
   129 73
   126 81
   132 83
   156 97
   164 102
   162 101
   167 103
   121 78
   A) Create a stem-and-leaf plot for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
   B) Suppose that Hypertension is categorized by a Systolic blood pressure above 159 mm HG or a
   diastolic blood pressure above 99 mm HG. What is the relative frequency of the potential
   participants with hypertension?

6.
The following table reports the fasting glucose levels of a sample of potential participants in a
research study investigating the efficacy of a new insulin-type drug.
Patient Fasting Glucose
(mg/dL)
Patient Fasting Glucose
(mg/dL)
A 117 A 112
B 125 B 132
C 129 C 118
D 116 D 119
E 134 E 134
F 108 F 126
G 127 G 124
A) Calculate the mean, median, mode, and standard deviation for the group.
B) Are there any potential outliers that may be affecting the statistics calculated in part A?

Sample Solution