Research Questions and Theory or Model

Full Answer Section

1. • experiences and suggestions.
2. Mixed-Methods Research Question: "To what extent does the use of virtual reality (VR) distraction during multiple blood collections reduce patient-reported pain and anxiety, and what are the patients' qualitative experiences with using VR during these procedures?"
   • This question combines quantitative data on pain and anxiety reduction with qualitative data on patients' experiences with VR.

Ethical Considerations:

• Informed Consent: All participants must provide informed consent, understanding the study's purpose, procedures, and potential risks. Special attention must be paid to vulnerable populations (e.g., children, elderly, those with cognitive impairments).
• Minimizing Harm: Research protocols must prioritize patient safety and minimize physical and psychological discomfort. This includes using trained phlebotomists, providing appropriate pain management, and offering psychological support.
• Confidentiality and Privacy: Patient data must be kept confidential and secure. Researchers must adhere to HIPAA regulations and other relevant privacy laws.
• Voluntary Participation: Participation must be voluntary, and patients should be free to withdraw at any time without penalty.
• Equity and Inclusion: Research should aim to include diverse patient populations to ensure findings are generalizable and applicable to all.
• For the VR question, it is important to screen patients for any VR related issues such as motion sickness.
• For the pain management question, it is important to be aware of any patient allergies to products, and to offer non pharmaceutical options.

Part 2: Incorporating a Theory or Model

For implementing an evidence-based intervention to improve patient experience during multiple blood collections, I propose using the Lewin's Change Management Model.

Lewin's Change Management Model Summary:

This model consists of three stages:

• Unfreezing: Preparing the organization or individuals for change by acknowledging the need for it and dismantling the existing mindset.
• Changing (Moving): Implementing the desired changes and providing support to those affected.
• Refreezing: Stabilizing the changes and ensuring they become the new norm.

Rationale for Choosing Lewin's Model:

• It provides a structured and systematic approach to implementing change in a healthcare setting.
• It emphasizes the importance of addressing resistance to change, which is crucial when introducing new protocols or technologies.
• It focuses on sustainability, ensuring that the improvements become ingrained in the organization's culture.
• This model is easily adapted to fit healthcare settings.

Application of Lewin's Model:

1. Unfreezing:
   • Conduct a needs assessment to identify current patient experiences and areas for improvement.
   • Share data with staff and stakeholders, highlighting the need for change.
   • Address staff concerns and misconceptions about new protocols or technologies.
   • Create a sense of urgency for improving patient experience.
2. Changing (Moving):
   • Develop and implement a standardized, patient-centered blood collection protocol, incorporating evidence-based practices (e.g., distraction techniques, pain management).
   • Provide comprehensive training to phlebotomists and other relevant staff.
   • Introduce and implement the use of VR distraction during blood collections.
   • Implement clear communication strategies to inform patients about the new protocols.
   • Establish a pilot program to test the new protocol.
   • Collect data on patient feedback, and staff feedback.
3. Refreezing:
   • Monitor patient satisfaction and pain/anxiety levels to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.
   • Integrate the new protocol into standard operating procedures.
   • Provide ongoing training and support to staff.
   • Celebrate successes and recognize staff efforts.
   • Continue to collect data, and make adjustments as needed.

By systematically applying Lewin's Change Management Model, healthcare organizations can effectively implement evidence-based interventions to improve patient experience during multiple blood collections, leading to better patient outcomes and increased satisfaction.

Sample Answer

Absolutely. Let's tackle this research-based assignment focusing on improving patient experience with multiple blood collections.

Topic: Improving Patient Experience with Multiple Blood Collections

Part 1: Proposed Research Questions

Improving the patient experience during multiple blood collections is crucial for patient comfort, satisfaction, and overall healthcare trust. Here are three research questions designed to further explore this issue, along with ethical considerations:

1. Quantitative Research Question: "What is the correlation between the implementation of a standardized, patient-centered blood collection protocol (including distraction techniques, pain management strategies, and clear communication) and patient-reported pain levels and anxiety scores during multiple blood draws?"
   • This question aims to measure the impact of a defined intervention on quantifiable patient outcomes.
2. Qualitative Research Question: "How do patients with chronic conditions requiring frequent blood draws perceive the emotional and psychological impact of these procedures, and what strategies do they suggest for improving their experience?"
   • This question aims to understand the pa