Synthesis of Neurotransmitters from Precursor Substances

  Synthesis of Neurotransmitters from Precursor Substances: Serotonin: 1. Starting Substance: Tryptophan 2. Chemical Steps:- Tryptophan is hydroxylated by the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase to form 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). - 5-HTP is then decarboxylated by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase to produce serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). Dopamine: 1. Starting Substance: Tyrosine 2. Chemical Steps:- Tyrosine is hydroxylated by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase to form L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine). - L-DOPA is then decarboxylated by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase to create dopamine. Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline): 1. Starting Substance: Dopamine 2. Chemical Steps:- Dopamine β-hydroxylase converts dopamine into norepinephrine through the addition of a hydroxyl group to the β carbon of the amine group. Conclusion: The synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine from precursor substances involves specific enzymatic reactions that catalyze the conversion of tyrosine or tryptophan into the respective neurotransmitters. Understanding these chemical steps is essential in comprehending the biochemical processes underlying neurotransmitter production and their roles in neurophysiology and mental health.  

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