The characteristics of cause-and-effect relationships

One of the characteristics of cause-and-effect relationships is that one “controls for the effects of other variables”.

What does controlling for the effects of other variables mean?

Why is it important to control for the effects of other variables?

How do you control for the effects of other variables in an experiment?

How do you control for the effects of other variables in field studies?

Do the researchers in this case study mentioned above control for the effects of other variables?