The differential reinforcement procedures

Full Answer Section

• Withholds Reinforcement: If the problem behavior occurs during the interval.

Example: A student who often blurts out answers in class might be reinforced for not blurting out for a specific period.  

Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding (DRL)

• Reinforces: The problem behavior, but only when it occurs at a low rate.  
• Withholds Reinforcement: If the problem behavior occurs at a high rate.

Example: A person who frequently checks their phone during meetings might be reinforced for checking their phone only once every 30 minutes.

Differential Reinforcement of High Rates of Responding (DRH)

• Reinforces: The problem behavior, but only when it occurs at a high rate.
• Withholds Reinforcement: If the problem behavior occurs at a low rate.

Example: A student who rarely participates in class discussions might be reinforced for participating in at least three discussions per class period.

Personal Application: Decreasing Procrastination

Problem Behavior: Procrastinating on tasks (e.g., homework, chores, work assignments) Desired Behavior: Starting and completing tasks promptly

Procedure: Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA)

Implementation:

1. Identify Reinforcer: Determine a strong reinforcer, such as watching a favorite TV show or spending time on a hobby.
2. Establish a Reward System: Create a system where the reinforcer is earned only after completing a specific task.
3. Implement DRA:
   • Reinforce Alternative Behavior: When the individual starts and completes a task promptly, they earn the reinforcer.
   • Withhold Reinforcement for Procrastination: If the individual procrastinates, they do not earn the reinforcer.

Schedule of Reinforcement: A variable interval schedule can be effective for maintaining motivation and preventing satiation. By varying the time between reinforcement opportunities, the individual is less likely to predict when the reinforcer will be available, which can encourage consistent behavior.  

By consistently applying this DRA procedure and considering the principles of reinforcement schedules, the individual can effectively reduce procrastination and increase productivity.

Sample Answer

Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA)

• Reinforces: A specific alternative behavior that is functionally equivalent to the problem behavior.  
• Withholds Reinforcement: For the problem behavior.

Example: A child who tantrums to get attention might be reinforced for asking politely for attention instead.  

Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)

• Reinforces: A behavior that physically prevents the occurrence of the problem behavior.
• Withholds Reinforcement: For the problem behavior.

Example: Reinforcing a child for sitting quietly in a chair can reduce fidgeting or standing up without permission.

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)

• Reinforces: The absence of the problem behavior during a specific interval of time.