To be in charge

  To be "in charge" is certainly not only to carry out the proper measures yourself but to see that everyone else does so too; to see that no one either willfully or ignorantly thwarts or prevents such measures. It is neither to do everything yourself nor to appoint a number of people to each duty, but to ensure that each does that duty to which he is appointed. This is the meaning which must be attached to the word by (above all) those "in charge" of sick, whether of numbers or of individuals. (1860, Section III, para.25) Instructions In an essay, address the following: Is passage 1 an argument or an explanation? Is passage 2 an argument or an explanation? You must answer both questions by making an argument for your position. Whichever type - argument or explanation - you find the passage to be, you must write an argument that will prove your answer to be correct.