Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that focuses on maximizing overall happiness

Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that focuses on maximizing overall happiness or utility for the greatest number of people. According to this theory, an action is morally right if it leads to the greatest amount of happiness and minimizes suffering. In the given situation, the dentist and assistant's actions can be analyzed through the lens of utilitarianism. From a utilitarian perspective, the consequences of the dentist and assistant's actions should be considered. On one hand, the patient received a cleaning that went smoothly and left the office satisfied, indicating a positive outcome. The patient's dental health was taken care of, and their overall well-being was improved. On the other hand, the dentist and assistant engaged in unethical behavior by performing a procedure without the proper license and deceitfully accepting cash on the side. To determine whether their actions were morally acceptable, it is necessary to weigh the happiness and suffering caused by their actions. While the patient experienced immediate benefits from the cleaning, there is a potential for harm in the long run if complications arise due to improper treatment. Additionally, the dentist and assistant's actions undermine the trust between patients and healthcare professionals, which can have broader negative consequences for society. In my view, the dentist and assistant did not behave morally. Although their actions may have resulted in short-term happiness for the patient, they violated professional ethics and potentially put the patient's long-term well-being at risk. Moreover, their behavior undermines the integrity of the dental profession and erodes public trust. From a utilitarian standpoint, it is important to consider not only the immediate consequences but also the potential long-term impact of actions on overall happiness and well-being.  

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